Environmental governance

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Environmental governance (EG) consists of a system of laws, norms, rules, policies and practices that dictate how the board members of an environment related regulatory body should manage and oversee the affairs of any environment related regulatory body^[1] which is responsible for ensuring sustainability (sustainable development) and manage all human activities—political, social and economic.^[2] Environmental governance includes government, business and civil society, and emphasizes whole system management. To capture this diverse range of elements, environmental governance often employs alternative systems of governance, for example watershed-based management.^[3] Obviously, in fact the EG arrangements are very diversed and not at all as inclusive as we could wish them to be.

In some cases, it views natural resources and the environment as global public goods, belonging to the category of goods that are not diminished when they are shared.^[4] This means that everyone benefits from, for example, a breathable atmosphere, stable climate and stable biodiversity. But obviously, following Ostrom's analysis, many environmental goods are rival and qualify as common-pool resources (CPRs). (Ostrom, 1990). Therefore, they need to be managed with care and require deliberation among involved parties.